Good idea? Er, maybe not...
Traffic signal preemption is a type of system that allows the normal operation of
traffic lights to be
preempted, often to assist
emergency vehicles. The most common use of these systems is to allow
emergency vehicles priority by changing all signals to green for the emergency vehicle and stopping all conflicting
traffic. Sometimes, signal preemption is also used at
railroad grade crossings to prevent
collisions, and by
light-rail and
bus rapid transit systems to allow
public transportation to bypass red lights, improving
commute times.
The key advantages of signal preemption include their ability to reduce
response time for emergency services and to increase
safety on the
road.
These devices generally operate by use of
infrared strobe lights. Each emergency vehicle is equipped with a
remote control triggering device that emits invisible flashes of light at a specified
frequency . Receiving devices placed on or near intersection traffic control devices recognize the signal and preempt the normal cycle of traffic lights. Once the emergency vehicle passes through the intersection and the receiving device no longer senses the remote triggering device, normal operation resumes.
The most common signal premption systems are the
Opticom by
3M and the
STROBECOM by
Tomar Electronics.
There are limitations inherent in the standard signal preemption systems, which rely on
line-of-sight communcation between the emergency vehicle and the
receiver. This leads to some intersections unnecessarily being affected, and conversely other intersections not receiving the signal in time to clear the intersection for the approaching emergency vehicle. Research into
dynamic route clearance has been made to solve these problems and improve traffic preemption with centrally-based route command and control.
Other problems include the potential abuse of the system. Anyone with an infrared strobe light at the appropriate frequency can activate the system. Jason Niccum, of
Longmont, Colorado made news in
March 2006 when he was caught
using such a device he bought on
eBay for $100. He had been using it to speed his commute for two years. Various systems are available to prevent such abuse, including
encoding the strobe frequency and installing
encrypted radio emitters to authenticate signals. Moreover, the
SAFETEA-LU law signed in
August 2005 made the sale or illegal use of a traffic preemption device in the
United States a serious
federal crime, with a
minimum sentence of six months in prison.